Nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and regulation of ammonium transport:
Excessive nitrogen from intensive agriculture is a significant burden on both the environment and groundwater. Our research aims to understand how nitrogen can be used more efficiently by model plants (Arabidopsis) and crops (wheat, maize, beans, peas, grapevines) to minimize its negative impact on the environment. In addition to nitrate, ammonium is a preferred nitrogen source for plants. At the core of our molecular biological investigations is the characterization and regulation of the transporters responsible for ammonium uptake. We explore how these transporters are genetically and physiologically regulated, how their activity integrates into the complex network of nitrogen and nitrate uptake, and how different nitrogen sources influence plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, we examine how targeted management and breeding strategies can reduce nitrogen-related environmental pollution and increase plant resistance to pathogens.
Phosphorus (P) in the form of phosphate is another essential macronutrient for plants. Given the limited global phosphorus reserves and the fact that phosphate is often only available in very small amounts to plant roots in the soil, the efficient use of this nutrient represents a significant challenge. In our research, we investigate the genetic components of phosphorus efficiency in modern and ancient genotypes, as well as landraces of maize. New genetic markers have already been identified that enable improved phosphorus uptake and utilization. A particular focus is on the rhizosphere, the soil region surrounding the roots, which is strongly influenced by plant exudates. The microbial communities of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere play a crucial role in phosphorus availability and plant health.
Micronutrients in seeds and grains:
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are widespread in the global population, especially in poorer countries with predominantly vegetarian diets. Legumes such as beans play a central role in nutrition and have great potential for improving micronutrient supply. In our research, we examine two bean genotypes that differ significantly in their uptake and accumulation of iron and zinc. The aim is to better understand the underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms of micronutrient uptake, distribution, and storage. This knowledge is intended to be applied in breeding strategies to develop beans with improved micronutrient efficiency and higher nutritional value.
Interactions of nutrients and fertilisers with plant health and diseases:
The growing public demand for a reduction in pesticide use in agriculture puts pressure on farmers to find alternative methods for disease control. An important factor in this context is plant nutrition, as fertilizers and their composition can have a direct impact on plant health. Different nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, not only influence plant growth and development but also their resistance to diseases. A balanced nutrient management strategy can strengthen the plants' natural defense mechanisms and modulate the risk of disease. Our research investigates how different nutrient compositions and fertilization practices influence the plant immune system and interactions with pathogens. The goal is to promote plant health through targeted adjustments in plant nutrition and to reduce the need for chemical pesticides.
